作者:zgl 郵箱:yoshiro_gl@21cn.com
發現大多數人對VB中應用指針不太了解,作一些說明。 VB的指針挺簡單的,用著也很方便,其實對象變量就可以看成是指針,當你用Set A=Obj時,A就是指向Obj的地址。不用API就可以,當然用API可以實現更為高級的結構。 給一個例子,一個用VB實現的雙向循環鏈表。有鏈表的生成,刪除和結點的插入。 先定義一個結點類,類名為Node,代碼為:
Option Explicit Public pNext As Node Public pPrev As Node Public data As Single
Private Sub Class_Initialize() Set pNext = Nothing Set pPrev = Nothing End Sub
Private Sub Class_Terminate() Set pNext = Nothing Set pPrev = Nothing End Sub
再添加一個窗體,窗體上添加兩個列表框,list1和list2,窗體的代碼為:
Option Explicit Private pHead As Object Private pV As Object
Private Sub Form_Load() Dim i As Integer Set pHead = New Node Call CreateLinkList Call InsertNode(pHead, 503) Call InsertNode(pHead, 1.875) Call InsertNode(pHead, -3.675) For i = 1 To 100 Call InsertNode(pHead, -1 * i) Next Call PrintList Call DeleteList End Sub
Public Sub CreateLinkList() Dim p As Node Dim nLoop As Integer Static pLast As Node pHead.data = 0 Set pLast = pHead For nLoop = 1 To 501 Set p = New Node p.data = nLoop Set pLast.pNext = p Set p.pPrev = pLast Set pLast = p Next Set pLast = Nothing Set p.pNext = pHead Set pHead.pPrev = p Exit Sub End Sub
Public Sub PrintList() List1.AddItem "Forwards" Set pV = pHead Do List1.AddItem pV.data Set pV = pV.pNext Loop While Not pV Is pHead
List2.AddItem "Backwards" Set pV = pHead.pPrev Do List2.AddItem pV.data Set pV = pV.pPrev Loop While Not pV Is pHead.pPrev End Sub
Public Sub DeleteList() Dim p As Node Set pV = pHead Do Set pV = pV.pNext Set p = pV.pPrev If Not p Is Nothing Then Set p.pNext = Nothing Set p.pPrev = Nothing End If Set p = Nothing Loop While Not pV.pNext Is Nothing Set pV = Nothing Set pHead = Nothing End Sub
Public Sub InsertNode(head As Node, data As Single) Dim p As New Node, q As Node, prev As Node p.data = data Set q = head Set prev = head.pPrev While ((q.data < p.data) And Not q.pNext Is head) Set q = q.pNext Set prev = prev.pNext Wend If Not q.pNext Is head Then Set p.pNext = q Set p.pPrev = prev Set prev.pNext = p Set q.pPrev = p If q Is head Then Set head = p End If Else Set p.pNext = head Set p.pPrev = q Set head.pPrev = p Set q.pNext = p End If End Sub
一個雙向循環鏈表就形成了,List1中是正向遍歷的結果,List2中是反向遍歷的結果。類的構造器Class_Initialize()過程,類的析構Class_Termainate()過程,結點內存的分配和回收都由類自身完成,還有多態,pHead As Object;Set pHead = New Node;Set pHead.pPrev = p;指向基類的指針指向了子類,并調用了子類的屬性,是不是挺像C++的代碼?
鏈表有了,二叉樹,由臨接表構成的圖等數據結構都很容易實現了吧,實際上用VB能構造很復雜的數據結構,上面的代碼只是簡單的示例,實際可以做的更完善。
另外,VB6也能夠生成真實的地址。三種未正式公布的VBA方法VarPtr,ObjPtr,和StrPtr(實際上是指向運行DLL同一入口的三個不同的類型庫別名)就可以用來建立指針,使用address=ObjPtr(Obj)就可以獲得對象的地址,Obj為需要地址的對象,而Address為一個long型變量,其中放置了對象的地址,使用VarPtr(產生變量的地址和UDT),StrPtr(產生字符串的地址)和ObjPtr(產生對象的地址)可以構造真實的,非常復雜的數據結構。 上面三個方法并沒有在Microsoft的正式文檔資料中公布(包括MSDN),但查看VB6的基本動態運行庫MSVBVM60.DLL可以發現這三個方法:
[entry(0x60000006),hidden] long __stdcall VarPtr([in]void* Ptr); [entry(0x60000007),hidden] long __stdcall StrPtr([in]BSTR Ptr); [entry(0x60000008),hidden] long __stdcall ObjPtr([in]IUnknown* Ptr);
類似這樣的隱藏方法還有不少,實際上VB6的功能是相當強大的,但大家又真正了解VB6多少呢?
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