網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)是從1990年代中期發(fā)展起來的新技術(shù),它把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上分散的資源融為有機整體,實現(xiàn)資源的全面共享和有機協(xié)作,使人們能夠透明地使用資源的整體能力并按需獲取信息。資源包括高性能計算機、存儲資源、數(shù)據(jù)資源、信息資源、知識資源、專家資源、大型數(shù)據(jù)庫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、傳感器等。 當(dāng)前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只限于信息共享,網(wǎng)絡(luò)則被認為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的第三階段。 18、使多路廣播(multicasting)無效 為了使多路廣播(multicasting)無效請在/etc/init.d/inetsvc中注解掉"route add 224.0.0.0"周圍的幾行。 19、關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)的snmp服務(wù) 更改 /etc/rc2.d/K07snmpdx 和/etc/rc3.d/S76snmpdx文件名 20、X-Windows不安全,可以使用ssh對其加密 21、加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問控制 編輯/etc/inet.d/inetsvc,在inetd后面加上-t選項 類似命令/usr/sbin/inetd –s –t 停止再運行inetd 運行的使用使用 #/usr/sbin/inetd –s –t 22、網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問控制 原則:去掉不必要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問,在所需要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問周圍簡歷訪問控制 Solaris網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)(/etc/inet/services)[沒有被注釋/* */的服務(wù)可關(guān)閉] #ident "@(#)services 1.27 00/11/06 SMI" /* SVr4.0 1.8 */ # # # Copyright (c) 1999-2000 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # # Network services, Internet style # tcpmux 1/tcp /*必須*/ echo 7/tcp echo 7/udp discard 9/tcp sink null discard 9/udp sink null systat 11/tcp users daytime 13/tcp daytime 13/udp netstat 15/tcp chargen 19/tcp ttytst source chargen 19/udp ttytst source ftp-data 20/tcp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ ftp 21/tcp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ ssh 22/tcp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ telnet 23/tcp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ smtp 25/tcp mail /*依服務(wù)可選*/ time 37/tcp timserver time 37/udp timserver name 42/udp nameserver whois 43/tcp nicname # usually to sri-nic domain 53/udp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ domain 53/tcp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ bootps 67/udp # BOOTP/DHCP server bootpc 68/udp # BOOTP/DHCP client hostnames 101/tcp hostname # usually to sri-nic pop2 109/tcp pop-2 # Post Office Protocol - V2 pop3 110/tcp # Post Office Protocol - Version 3 sunrpc 111/udp rpcbind sunrpc 111/tcp rpcbind imap 143/tcp imap2 # Internet Mail Access Protocol v2 ldap 389/tcp # Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ldap 389/udp # Lightweight Directory Access Protocol submission 587/tcp # Mail Message Submission submission 587/udp # see RFC 2476 ldaps 636/tcp # LDAP protocol over TLS/SSL (was sldap) ldaps 636/udp # LDAP protocol over TLS/SSL (was sldap) # # Host specific functions # tftp 69/udp rje 77/tcp finger 79/tcp link 87/tcp ttylink supdup 95/tcp iso-tsap 102/tcp x400 103/tcp # ISO Mail x400-snd 104/tcp csnet-ns 105/tcp pop-2 109/tcp # Post Office uucp-path 117/tcp nntp 119/tcp usenet # Network News Transfer ntp 123/tcp # Network Time Protocol ntp 123/udp # Network Time Protocol netbios-ns 137/tcp # NETBIOS Name Service netbios-ns 137/udp # NETBIOS Name Service netbios-dgm 138/tcp # NETBIOS Datagram Service netbios-dgm 138/udp # NETBIOS Datagram Service netbios-ssn 139/tcp # NETBIOS Session Service netbios-ssn 139/udp # NETBIOS Session Service NeWS 144/tcp news # Window System slp 427/tcp slp # Service Location Protocol, V2 slp 427/udp slp # Service Location Protocol, V2 mobile-ip 434/udp mobile-ip # Mobile-IP cvc_hostd 442/tcp # Network Console # # UNIX specific services # # these are NOT officially assigned # exec 512/tcp login 513/tcp shell 514/tcp cmd # no passwords used printer 515/tcp spooler # line printer spooler courier 530/tcp rpc # experimental uucp 540/tcp uucpd # uucp daemon biff 512/udp comsat who 513/udp whod syslog 514/udp /*依服務(wù)可選*/ talk 517/udp route 520/udp router routed ripng 521/udp klogin 543/tcp # Kerberos authenticated rlogin kshell 544/tcp cmd # Kerberos authenticated remote shell new-rwho 550/udp new-who # experimental rmonitor 560/udp rmonitord # experimental monitor 561/udp # experimental pcserver 600/tcp # ECD Integrated PC board srvr sun-dr 665/tcp # Remote Dynamic Reconfiguration kerberos-adm 749/tcp # Kerberos V5 Administration kerberos-adm 749/udp # Kerberos V5 Administration kerberos 750/udp kdc # Kerberos key server kerberos 750/tcp kdc # Kerberos key server krb5_prop 754/tcp # Kerberos V5 KDC propogation ufsd 1008/tcp ufsd # UFS-aware server ufsd 1008/udp ufsd cvc 1495/tcp # Network Console ingreslock 1524/tcp www-ldap-gw 1760/tcp # HTTP to LDAP gateway www-ldap-gw 1760/udp # HTTP to LDAP gateway listen 2766/tcp # System V listener port nfsd 2049/udp nfs # NFS server daemon (clts) nfsd 2049/tcp nfs # NFS server daemon (cots) eklogin 2105/tcp # Kerberos encrypted rlogin lockd 4045/udp # NFS lock daemon/manager lockd 4045/tcp dtspc 6112/tcp # CDE subprocess control /*依服務(wù)可選*/ fs 7100/tcp # Font server /*依服務(wù)可選*/ 執(zhí)行方法: /etc/inet/services在相應(yīng)服務(wù)前加“#”注釋掉 /etc/inet/inetd.conf中注釋掉services中相應(yīng)的條目 查找并重啟inetd進程 #ps –ef | grep inetd (獲得進程號) #kill –HUP <進程號> 停止在上述列表中沒有定義的服務(wù) 方法:將文件改名(用mv命令,可以將S改為X) 停止相應(yīng)進程 服務(wù): 服務(wù) 文件 進程 sendmail /etc/rc2.d/S88sendmail Sendmail DNS /etc/rc2.d/S72inetsvc中in.named一項注釋掉 in.named named.xfer NFS /etc/rc3.d/S15nfs.server 注釋掉/etc/dfs/dfstab中條目 Nfsd Automounter /etc/rc2.d/S74autofs 刪除/etc/auto_* ntp /etc/rc2.d/S74xntpd Xntpd syslog /etc/rc2.d/S74syslog Syslogd 打印 /etc/rc2.d/S80lp lpshut 23、使Sendmail更安全 使用最新版本的Berkeley sendmail (see section 3),從/etc/aliases里刪除decode 將/etc/aliases的權(quán)限設(shè)為644,關(guān)掉expn和vrfy命令。將 O PrivacyOptions=authwarning 改成 O PrivacyOptions=goaway 檢查 Sendmail 是否支持發(fā)信認證 參考devtools/Site/README文件在devtools/Site下建立如下site.config.m4 文件: APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_ENVDEF', `-DSASL') APPENDDEF(`conf_sendmail_LIBS', `-lsasl') 給Sendmail編譯進SASL支持。 cd sendmail; 執(zhí)行:sh Build 編譯sendmail。 到cf/cf 目錄下,拷貝 generic-linux.mc 為 sendmail.mc, 在sendmail.mc 中增加以下內(nèi)容: define(`confSMTP_LOGIN_MSG',`$m Server')dnl 改變sendmail歡迎信息 define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `LOGIN')dnl Unix帳號認證 define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',`novrfy,noexpn,noverb')dnl 禁用命令 define(`confMAX_DAEMON_CHILDREN', `128')dnl define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `32')dnl (抗拒絕服務(wù)攻擊) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的神奇作用吸引著越來越多的用戶加入其中,正因如此,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的承受能力也面臨著越來越嚴峻的考驗―從硬件上、軟件上、所用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上......,各項技術(shù)都需要適時應(yīng)勢,對應(yīng)發(fā)展,這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)迅速走向進步的催化劑。 |
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